皮膚科 劉權毅醫師

The blue hue of skin overlying injected hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in certain cases has been hypothesized in the literature as related to the Tyndall effect. This investigation aims to understand the relevant optical concepts and to discuss the plausibility of this assertion.
METHODS::

酒糟看似簡單，其實病理機轉一點都單純，它牽涉到多項免疫發炎反應、血管變化及神經傳導反應。不同的機轉分別影響酒糟病患發展出不同的臨床型態，譬如紅斑血管擴張(erythematotelangiectatic，ETR)、丘疹膿皰型(papulopustular，PPR)、鼻瘤型(phyamtaous)、眼睛症狀型(ocular)四種亞型，事實上，病人可能在不同的階段轉成另外一型表現為主，也可能同時擁有兩個以上亞型。目前的理論多著重於皮膚血管作用的異常，包括：
發炎細胞的分子變化

Merck's Propecia is used to treat hair loss, but the drug can also cause a number of side effects, including permanent sexual dysfunction.

In 1997, pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. introduced Propecia as a new use for finasteride, a synthetic compound the company developed five years earlier. Originally marketed as Proscar, doctors first prescribed 5 mg of finasteride to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), more commonly known as an enlarged prostate gland.

J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2010 Sep-Oct;50(5):e106-15. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09243.
Evaluating the evidence for over-the-counter alternatives for relief of hot flashes in menopausal women.
Kelley KW1, Carroll DG.

The blue hue of skin overlying injected hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in certain cases has been hypothesized in the literature as related to the Tyndall effect. This investigation aims to understand the relevant optical concepts and to discuss the plausibility of this assertion.
METHODS::

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Nat Prod Commun. 2013 Mar;8(3):415-8.
Therapeutic effects of glycyrrhizic acid.
Ming LJ¹, Yin AC.

 
https://www.inkling.com/read/dermatology-bolognia-jorizzo-schaffer-3rd/chapter-67/linear-hyperpigmentation
 
 

The FDA Warning on Ketoconazole
On July 26, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a Drug Safety Communication titled "FDA limits usage of Nizoral (ketoconazole) oral tablets due to potentially fatal liver injury and risk of drug interactions and adrenal gland problems."^[1] The drug is known to be a very potent inhibitor of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 when used at the approved dose; indeed, it is the standard against which other such inhibitors are compared in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies.^[2] Serious adverse effects that occurred when used in the approved dose led to France's withdrawal of the drug for use in deep fungal infections . That led to a mandatory review by other European Union (EU) and UK regulators and a similar withdrawal; the FDA essentially followed suit.