皮膚科 劉權毅醫師

Pediculicides
Pediculicides are the most effective treatment for pediculosis capitis (Frankowski, 2004). The ideal pediculicide should be inexpensive, easy to use, highly effective, nontoxic to humans, environmentally friendly, and without potential for development of resistance (Ko & Elston, 2004). In general, pediculicides are not recommended for children younger than 2 years (Frydenberg & Starr, 2003; Roberts, 2002). The use of hair conditioners should be avoided before application of a pediculicide because hair conditioners may coat the hair and protect the lice and nits (Mazurek & Lee, 2000). Many pediculicides are available, with the effectiveness depending on both the individual agent and its formulation. Pediculicides with long residual effect are more likely to be ovicidal. The pediculicide should be applied to the entire scalp. Treatment failures often are the result of noncompliance, improper application of pediculicides, or reinfestation, and, rarely, resistance to pediculicides.

1. Immunologic:
SLE, membranoproliferative GN, mesangioproliferative GN, infectious endocarditis, hepatitis B+C, sepsis, malaria, PBC, MM, HUS, TTP, APS

常見的感光物質包括Furocoumarin (呋喃香豆素)、Tar (焦油)、psoralen(補骨脂素)等。很多植物都含有Furocoumarin的物質，包括繖形花科的巴西利、芹菜、雷公根、蒔蘿、當歸、九層塔、蘿蔔、歐洲防風草、中藥材的白芷、當歸 、茴香(臭芙蓉)；桑科的印度菩提樹、無花果樹、黃金榕、印度橡樹、波羅蜜；芸香科的橘子、檸檬、佛手柑、柚子、胡椒木、台灣黃藥；菊科的萵苣、野茼蒿、蟛蜞菊、蒲公英、地膽草、薇甘菊、夜香牛。

Lemon oil contains furocoumarin derivatives and is known to cause phototoxicity. In this study, lemon oil was fractionated, and its phototoxic activity was measured by means of a biological assay. The substances producing phototoxicity were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as being oxypeucedanin and bergapten. The phototoxic potency of oxypeucedanin was only one-quarter of that of bergapten. However, the amounts of these two phototoxic compounds present in lemon oils produced in different regions of the world varied by a factor of more than 20 (bergapten, 4–87 ppm; oxypeucedanin, 26–728 ppm), and their ratio was not constant. The two compounds accounted for essentially all of the phototoxic activity of all lemon-oil samples. Among various other citrus-essential oils investigated, lime oil and bitter-orange oil also contained large amounts of oxypeucedanin. Oxypeucedanin was found to elicit photopigmentation on colored-guinea-pig skin without preceding visible erythema.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/t936829v5x774476/

Results from a preliminary study suggest that curcuminoids, which are extracted from turmeric, are able to block or decrease the excessive production of extracellular matrix in the dermis that is characteristic of keloid scarring.

Acne has historically been associated with diet – but is there any truth to this myth? The frequent consumption of carbohydrates – the "Western diet" – which means a high glycemic index, may repeatedly expose adolescents to acute hyperinsulinemia. Indeed, the absence of acne in natives from Kitava and Papua New Guinea, and the Ache people of Paraguay, has been attributed to their diet, which is substantially based on a lower glycemic index. However, its prevalence can be increased upon adoption of a Western diet. Therefore, this reinforces the idea of a relationship between acne and diet. In his article, Dr Costa describes how the most influential component in this relationship is sebum, the production of which is increased by hyperinsulinemia. He concludes that “it is possible to envisage that foods rich in fatty acids, mainly those rich in omega-3, as well as a diet based on a low glycemic index, can protect sebaceous glands against mechanisms that lead to clinical acne manifestations.”http://www.dermquest.com/Expert_Opinions/Surgery__Cosmetics/Acne_and_diet_Truth_or_myth_.html

Trace amounts of prednisone and prednisolone have been measured in breast milk (23,24,25 and 26). Following a 10-mg oral dose of prednisone, milk concentrations of prednisone and prednisolone at 2 hours were 26.7 and 1.6 ng/mL, respectively (23). The authors estimated the infant would ingest approximately 28.3 g in 1000 mL of milk. In a second study using radioactive-labeled prednisolone in seven patients, a mean of 0.14% of a 5-mg oral dose was recovered per liter of milk during 4861 hours (24).

Prednisone is metabolized to prednisolone. There are a number of studies in which pregnant patients received either prednisone or prednisolone (see also various antineoplastic agents for additional References) (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 and 14).

HEINE DELTA 20
http://www.denso-scientific.com/02products/01products.php?product_id=42

http://pasi.corti.li/